Process of spectrum diversity of satellite link for data  and internet applications using single antenna and router

ABSTRACT

A satellite communication system between a source and a destination over multiple satellite communications paths including first identifying the link performance established in multiple spectrums, performing a link comparison among the multiple spectrums (for example C-, Ku-, or Ka-Band) in order to determine a spectrum link that provides the highest throughput within an acceptable reliability criteria, and switching among the multiple spectrum links to provide that determined spectrum link between the source and the destination.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The following U.S. applications and patents are related to the subjectmatter of the present invention:

-   -   1. US Patent Application Serial No.: US 2003/0172182 A1, 11 Sep.        2003, “Multipath Content Distribution Aggregation”;    -   2. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,948, 15 Feb. 2011,        “Paging During Media Loading”;    -   3. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,843, 15 Feb. 2011,        “Programming Content Distribution”;    -   4. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,843, 15 Feb. 2011,        “Distributed Storage of Audio/Video Content (the Distributed        Storage Application)”;    -   5. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,843, 15 Feb. 2001,        “Broadcast Message Management (the Broadcast Message Management        Application)”.    -   6. US Patent Application Serial No. 2006/0181472 A1, 17 Aug.        2006, “Multiple Beam Feed Assembly”;    -   7. U.S. Pat. No. 7,202,833 B2, 10 Apr. 2007, “Thi-Head Kakuka        Feed For Single Offset Dish Antenna”;    -   8. US Patent Publication No. US 2010/0022238 A1, 18 Jan. 2010,        “Signal Transmission Mechanism With Diversity Gain in Satellite        Communication Network”;    -   9. U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,385 B1, 27 Aug. 2002, “Method and        Apparatus For Selectively Operating Satellites In Tundra Orbits        to Reduce Received Buffering Requirements for Time Diversity        Signals”,    -   10. U.S. Pat. No. 7,711,335 B2, 4 May. 2010, “Digital Satellite        Receiver and Method for Switching Among Multiple Receiver        Antennas Using Diversity Circuitry”;

Each of the above-listed ten (10) U.S. applications and patents isincorporated herein by reference.

The present invention in general concerns a geostationary satellitecommunication network using a hub network and a very small apertureterminal (VSAT). It is particularly directed to a geostationarysatellite communication system (“satellite”) carrying data and Internettraffic on typical Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) bands (such as C, Ku,and Ka) with a single remote antenna dish and router.

Conventionally, a satellite communication network uses a network hub anda remote VSAT (or “Remote Terminal”) including a satellite dish, a feed,a low noise amplifier (LNA) or a low noise block down converter (LNB), amodulator/demodulator (modem), and a router. Each system uses a singledish, a single feed, an LNB, a modulator and a router, unique for eachFSS band, namely, C-, Ku-, or Ka-Band in which its data throughput islimited for each band capacity. Higher spectrum provides higher datathroughput due to higher availability of the spectrum. However, in asatellite link, the use of a higher spectrum suffers from the attendantproblem of a higher probability of link degradation due to weathervariations. On the other hand, a lower spectrum provides lower datathroughput, but offers better link robustness. A multiple feed system(the feeds, the LNA or LNBs, and the radio frequency transmissions) in asingle dish is a known system. This know system has been widely used fordirect to home (DTH) applications, for receiving content from more thanone Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS) network in a single spectrum (forexample C- or Ku or Ka-Band) or multi spectrum (for example C- andKu-Band).

The system according to the present invention discovered that it ispossible to put multiple FSS networks (for example C-, Ku-, or Ka-Band)in a single dish and router that allow seamless transition amongnetworks for the purpose of throughput maximization for the end users.

The object of the present invention is to increase data throughput forusers within the coverage of multi spectrum FSS, when there is apossibility of using a higher spectrum (for example Ku- or Ka-Band)while maintaining the default throughput on a lower spectrum (forexample C-Band).

The fact is, some geographical regions are able to operate in a lowerspectrum (C-Band) with high service availability, and in higherspectrums (Ku- and Ka-Band) but with lower service availability. Lowerservice availability (or “lower availability”) on higher spectrummotivates satellite communication network operators in some parts of thegeographical regions to operate only in the lower spectrum. This isunfortunate because the use of higher spectrum in the same geographicallocation under certain conditions gives higher data throughput albeitwith lower availability. However, the present invention recognizes thatlower availability “does not have to mean zero availability”.

Focusing on the economics of “does not mean have to mean zeroavailability” creates a possibility for users to maximize throughput onthe higher spectrums on a statistical basis. Whenever possible, userswill obtain higher throughput using a higher spectrum, and when theweather condition does not permit a desirable link margin for asufficient user experience, then the system will seamlessly select thelower spectrum in their receiver system, i.e., a spectrum that offerslower throughput but a more robust link. The system according to anexemplary embodiment does this without the loss of the communicationlink during the transition between spectrums.

The lower throughput with a more robust link is defined as the “DefaultThroughput”. The satellite communication link that provides the DefaultThroughput is defined as the “Default Link.” The condition when only theDefault Link can be established is defined as the “Default Condition”.

The higher throughput with less robust links is defined as the “VariableThroughput”. The satellite communication links that provide the VariableThroughput are defined as the “Variable Links”. The establishment ofVariable Links is possible when the satellite transmission parametersallow the closure of the link with sufficient margin as determined bythe service operator. The condition when the Default Link and theVariable Links can be established is defined as the “AdvantageousCondition”.

When the Default Condition occurs, the user will obtain the DefaultThroughput on the Default Link. When the Advantageous Condition occurs,the user will obtain the Variable Link at least most of the time. Underthe Advantageous Condition, the user will experience higher data speedwhen, for example, browsing the Internet or downloading/uploading data.

The process of switching between the Default to Variable Links, istransparent to the user. The desired link margin for each link isdetermined by the communication parameters (e.g., the modulation scheme,the satellite parameters, the hub parameters, the remote terminalparameters, and the geographical location, such as latitude andlongitude) and stored in the modem.

This approach according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention islikely to be more and more desirable as users download larger amounts ofdata, such as movies or videos, use transfer control protocol/internetprotocol (TCP/IP) over satellite, multiple spectrum satellite payloadbecomes more common, and TCP/IP allows more tolerant statisticallyvariable throughput. Higher throughput spectrums (Ku- and Ka-Band)therefore will remain an advantage even for users in high precipitationareas, provided that users always have the guaranteed fall back servicesset by either C- or Ku-Band systems in a single product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention addresses and obviates the unavailability ofexisting methods and products in the market carrying multiple spectrumFSS on single dish and router.

Thus, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention, thesystem is directed to maximizing data throughput using C-, Ku-, andKa-Bands. This is accomplished by first identifying the available linkperformance in terms of, for example,

$\frac{E_{b}}{N_{o}}$

(Energy per bit and noise power density ratio).

According to an exemplary embodiment, a default Link is set for thelowest available spectrum with highest

$\frac{E_{b}}{N_{o}}$

that gives the Default Throughput. Information about the Default Linkand the Default Throughput detail can be stored in, for example, themodem and generally fixed, but can be changed from time to time.

After the establishment of the Default Throughput and Link, the modemthen determines the Variable Throughputs and Links. The VariableThroughputs and Link is determined by evaluating the higher spectrumlink parameters. Higher spectrums that have sufficient

$\frac{E_{b}}{N_{o}}$

for specified user experience or are set by selected modulation schemes(e.g., the scheme can be set to a default selected by the serviceoperator or determined by the users), and are then declared as theVariable Link and the attendant information is stored, for example, inthe modem. From time to time, the system will switch among the VariableLink(s) and back to the Default Link, whichever provides a higherthroughput at an acceptable link margin condition.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the systememphasizes that seamless switching among the diversely availablespectrum is started with the establishment of the lowest throughput linkthat serves as the Default Link. Once the Default Link is established,the system continuously monitors the availability of the higher spectrumlinks and updates their availability over time. Depending on thepreference setting determined by user, the system will seamlessly andautomatically switch to higher throughput link(s) or Variable Link(s) solong as the higher throughput link(s) are within an acceptable linkmargin condition.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the system emphasizesthat the implementation of the proposed method can be accomplished usingwidely available commercial off the shelf (COTS) components, such as anantenna dish, an antenna feed, an LNA or LNB, and a router on theNetwork Hub as well as at the Remote Terminal. Particular to the antennafeeds, they are required to be put onto the feed mounting system inorder to allow the reception of dual satellite spectrum reception (C-and Ku, or Ku- and Ka, or C- and Ka-Bands) or triple satellite spectrumreception (C-, Ku-, and Ka-Bands).

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a device isprovided that allows functionality to simultaneously measure thecommunication link performance parameters and store these parameters.This functionality can be, for example, embedded in the modem or can beprovided in an externally interfaced programmable device, such as amicroprocessor or personal computer.

The system according to an exemplary embodiment is distinguished fromthe traditional VSAT systems in connection with, for example, theprogrammability features of the device that can be stored in the modemor other device. The modem according to the exemplary embodiment can bemultiple modems for each of the satellite spectrums individually (e.g.,it has RF-Baseband circuits for each spectrum), or it can be aspecifically designed modem that uses different RF circuits for eachspectrum but only a single Baseband that has multiple RF interfaces (C-,Ku-, and Ka-Band) simultaneously. Furthermore, according to an exemplaryembodiment, the modem intelligent capability needs to simultaneouslymeasure

$\frac{E_{b}}{N_{o}}$

for each input, for each modulation scheme, and to store the result inits memory or in another device's memory for further processing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for implementingtechniques of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for an exemplary network hub.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram for an exemplary remote terminal.

FIG. 4 is a Flow Diagram of the exemplary Process of the SpectrumDiversity methodology allowing multiple satellite receptions into singletraffic router.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one example of a system that may beused in implementing the techniques of the present invention. Includedin the system is a network hub (003) including a multiple spectrumtransmitter system for single or multiple adjacent satellites withmultiple spectrum payload capacity. The network hub distributes the datato users simultaneously on multiple spectrums in an open loop operation.A Remote Terminal (007) independently selects the guaranteed link and atthe appropriate time establishes the higher throughput link(s) accordingto the preference link performance setting by the modulation and userexperience, as set by the user or by a default configuration. Althoughmultiple links (a guaranteed link, and higher throughput links) areestablished at the physical layer, a user in any case can only establishone logical and IP link layer at a time.

As shown in FIG. 1, Source (001) is connected (002) to the systemthrough the network hub (003). The Network hub has the capability tosimultaneously transmit into three different forward uplink spectrums(e.g., C-, Ku-, and Ka-Bands) (004) from the same source to multiplepayload satellites (SAT1, SAT2, SAT3) in satellite system (005) or tosingle satellites; and to receive from a single satellite (SAT4) fromsatellite system (005). Each satellite translates the uplink spectruminto an appropriate forward downlink spectrum (006). The remote terminal(007) has the capability to receive simultaneously the differentspectrums and monitors their link performance over time. The RemoteTerminal feeds the data from the demodulated signal to the destinationpath (008). The destination, on the transmit path, feeds the data intothe remote terminal (009) and then the data is transmitted using thereturn uplink spectrum (010) onto the satellite (SAT4) which translatesthe spectrum into the return downlink spectrum (011) to the network hub(003) and to the source (001).

The source (001) may, for example, be an Internet Cloud, Internet serveror a server of any other network. In this regard, the network hub (003)simultaneously transmits the Internet traffic over the three spectrumson the uplink path (004) on to a single satellite system with multiplepayloads (005) or on to multiple satellites with a single payload ineach satellite (SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3). The downlink paths translate thespectrums and then feed them into the remote terminal (007)simultaneously over paths (006).

The source (001) may communicate with destination (009) via one of theavailable physical links that are simultaneously interconnected with thesatellite(s) system(005). The destination (009) may be a single Internetuser or multiple Internet users that in any instance has a single IPconnection with the source (001) at a time, despite that multiplephysical links are established. As shown, for example, in FIG. 1, thesystem includes a return link (010 and 011) using a single spectrum thatprovide the highest link margin, i.e. the same spectrum as the DefaultLink.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the network hub according to an exemplaryembodiment that may be used to implement the techniques of the presentinvention. Included in the system is a hub router (111) that connects tothe three modulators (MOD1, MOD2, MOD3) via paths 114 using anintermediate frequency such as 70 MHz, 140 MHz, or L-Band (900-1600 GHz)frequency. Modulator output spectrums are at the appropriate radiofrequency spectrum, namely C-, Ku-, and Ka-Band, that are subsequentlyfed, amplified (116) and then radiated over the uplink antennas (117,118, and 119) for each of the spectrums. Internet Server (113)simultaneously transmits via the modulator (115) the Internet traffic onto each of the antennas with different throughput as set by the hubrouter according to each user's subscription profile. As shown in FIG.2, the network contains connectivity among the Internet Cloud (110), theHub Router (111) and Internet Server (113), the modulators (115), thedemodulator (122), and the satellite dishes (117, 118, 119, and 120).Modulators (115) are dedicated to each of the spectrums (C-, Ku-, andKa-Band), and so are the corresponding the antennas. The return link(121, 123) is only dedicated on a single spectrum that sets the DefaultLink.

FIG. 3 illustrates the remote terminal configuration according to anexemplary embodiment that can be used to implement this invention. Asshown in FIG. 3, the remote terminal contains connectivity among SingleAntenna Dish (221), C-, Ku-, and Ka-Band receive feeds (222), Low NoiseBlock Down Converters (LNBs), Modem (224), Terminal Router (226), andData Terminal Equipment or DTE (228). In operation, the antenna dish(221) collects the radio frequency spectrum from multiple payloadsatellite(s), which are then channeled by each of the feeds (222),amplified by each of the LNBs, and then routed into themodulator/demodulator or modem (224), to make the connection to theterminal router (226). The modem (224) continuously measures and savesin memory (224 b) each of the link performance parameters (

$\frac{E_{b}}{N_{o}},$

received signal level, and effective throughput), and a processor (224a) is used to select one link to logically connect the downlink paths(222 and 223) with the terminal router (226) via the RJ45 (225)interface. The seamless connection to the end users is achieved byallowing the modem (224) to simultaneously connect physically more thanone downlink path with the modem, and store in memory the Internettraffic flow from one path that does not logically connect with theterminal router (226). but matches the Internet traffic flow fromanother path that is currently logically connected with the terminalserver (226). Once the match traffic is achieved, the logical connectioncan be served via different physical connections in different spectrumto provide the higher throughput during the advantageous condition.i.e., when the Variable Link can be utilized.

During a disadvantageous condition, in which, for example, the weathermay not permit for a link with a higher spectrum, the logicaltransitions to preserve the link for users that do not experiencedisconnected links. Such logical transitions will only be felt by usersas a reduction in throughput rather than a disconnection. In any case,the guaranteed link is the link that provides the highest link marginfor the same modulation scheme and bandwidth that connects the source(001) and the destination (009).

FIG. 4 shows the Flow Diagram of the Process of the Spectrum Diversitymethodology allowing multiple satellite receptions in single trafficrouter. Referring to FIG. 4, all received signals will be demodulated instep (300) in the modem and its key RF parameters measured in step (301)such as Eb/No, Bit Rate, and Receive Signal Level. Based on the measuredkey RF parameters, the processor 224 a, for example, in the modem at theremote terminal determines the Default Link, Default Throughput,Variable Links, and Variable Throughputs in step (302), as well as theVariable Link Margin and the Threshold Margin. A comparison operation isthen performed. Specifically, when the Variable Link Margin is largerthan or equal to the threshold margin, then the Variable Link isselected in step (303). Otherwise, the Default Link is selected in step(304). The threshold margin is specified by the modem specification, setby the service operator or set by the user. The selected link provides abaseband signal in TCP/IP protocol in step (305) to be passed to the IPRouter in accordance with TCP/IP protocol in step (306).

More particularly, all received signals from C-, Ku-, and Ka-Bands willbe demodulated in step (300) and the key RF parameters measured in step(301) such that each Eb/No, Bit Rate, and Receive Signal Level from thethree spectrum are identified and stored in the modem. The key RFparameter is compared by a programmable device, such as a microprocessor(224 a) residing internally or externally to the remote terminal modem.The microprocessor at the remote terminal determines the Default Link,Default Throughput, Variable Links, and Variable Throughputs in step(302). When the Variable Link Margin is larger or equal to the thresholdmargin, the Variable Link is selected in step (303). In all cases, theDefault Link is maintained as a fall back link. When the Variable LinkMargin is less than the threshold for a specified duration time, theDefault Link is selected in step (304). Since the Default Link is alwaysavailable, the transfer of the spectrum results in no interruption fromthe user's point of view. Further, the transfer is seamless to the userbecause the data packets sent from both spectrums have the same packetID for the same content. Accordingly, no real time synchronizationnetwork is required, as TCP/IP will sort out the contentsynchronization. The threshold margin is specified by the modemspecification or set by service operator or set by user. The selectedlink provides a baseband signal in TCP/IP protocol in step (305) to bepassed to the IP Router in accordance with TCP/IP protocol in step(306). This process is repeated until the physical connection of thecommunication link is terminated.

An example will now be provided for describing the selection between theDefault Link and the Variable link as follows. In this example, thesatellite (FIG. 1, 005, SAT 1) has multiple payloads, such as Ku-Bandand Ka-Band payloads, serving a common geographical area. The remoteterminal (FIG. 1, 007) has dual feed K- and Ka-Bands pointed to SAT(001) for receiving the primary signal, suppose it is the Ku-Bandsignal. Once the received Ku-Band Signal Level rises above the thresholdsuch that the communication link is closed, this Ku-Band signal isdemodulated by the modem (224). This process is shown as step (300) inFIG. 4.

The modem continues the process in step (301) by measuring the RFparameters: Receive Signal Level, Bit Rate, and the Eb/No. A minimumreceived signal level is required in order for the modem (224) to stayabove the noise floor, which is typically around −100 dBm, and a certainlevel of energy per bit (Eb) to noise density (No) ratio is requireddepending on the modulator selected (such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK,and so on) such that the communication link can be reliably established.Parameters of minimum received signal level, Eb/No and so on are storedinside the modem in memory (224 b) of the Remote Terminal.

The next process is to determine the maximum throughput of the DefaultLink in step (302). The maximum throughput is set based on certainparameters. For example: it can be set from the actual measured Eb/Noand required link margin based on geographical locations of the RemoteTerminal. When the actual Eb/No and the minimum required link marginmeet a certain type of modulation requirement then the maximumthroughput can be determined for the Default Link. The process is therepeated for the Variable Links. The process then proceeds to steps(303) through (306) where the IP protocols takes on the next task ofrouting the traffic either via the Default Link or the Variable Link inorder to process the baseband signal.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for communication to a destination overmultiple satellite links using different spectrums, respectively,comprising: using C-, Ku-, and Ka-Bands for data communication in asingle antenna dish and single router, and measuring link performanceparameters during the data communication, wherein data communication ispermitted to the destination via a selected one of the Bands inaccordance with a comparison between the measured link performanceparameters and predetermined criteria.
 2. The method according to claim1, further comprising the steps of: a. measuring the link performanceparameters in real time; b. storing the measured link performanceparameters in the destination; c. real time updating of the stored linkperformance parameters; d. determining a link that serves as aguaranteed link for communication; e. determining another alternativelink, the guaranteed link have a lower throughput than the throughput ofthe another alternative link; f. simultaneously establishing a pluralityof physical connections over the satellite link(s) from the source tothe destination;; g. switching between the guaranteed and the anotheralternative links so as to uniquely establish a single IP link betweenthe source to the destination at any given time.
 3. The method accordingto claim 2, wherein the method is for two way communication between asource and the destination, and wherein the links include two differentspectrum diversities.
 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein thelinks include three different spectrum diversities.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 2, further comprising using a remote terminalintelligent modem that communicates with a network hub modem in pair,and storing the measured link performance parameters in the modem. 6.The method according to claim
 2. wherein a link can be set depending ona modulation scheme and the link performance parameters can be set byone of default or by a user;
 7. The method according to claim
 2. whereina link can be detached from the actual link availability according tothe physical link parameters.
 8. A method according to claim
 2. whereinthe link occurs at the IP layer;
 9. The method according to claim 1,wherein the method uses an apparatus for receiving a communication pathover the multiple spectrums, the apparatus comprises a single antennadish, multiple antenna feeds, multiple LNBs, a single router and anintelligent modem at the remote terminal;
 10. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the method uses no real time synchronization network.11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed atthe Internet Protocol (IP) layer.
 12. A destination apparatus forreceiving data over multiple satellite links using different spectrums,respectively, comprising: a single antenna dish and single router, aplurality of different bands for data communication over the differentspectrums, and an intelligent modem for measuring link performanceparameters during data communication, wherein the intelligent modempermits data communication via a selected one of the Bands in accordancewith a comparison between the measured link performance parameters andpredetermined criteria.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, whereinthe plurality of different bands comprises at least two of C-, Ku-, andKa-Bands.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the linkperformance parameters includes RF parameters of the communication link.15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the link performanceparameters includes at least one of Eb/No, bit rate, and received signallevel.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the intelligentmodem includes a processor and memory, and wherein the processordetermines the selected one of the Bands.